USA - engelska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

upsher-smith laboratories, llc - valproic acid (unii: 614oi1z5wi) (valproic acid - unii:614oi1z5wi) - valproic acid 250 mg - valproic acid capsules are indicated as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy in the treatment of patients with complex partial seizures that occur either in isolation or in association with other types of seizures. valproic acid capsules are indicated for use as sole and adjunctive therapy in the treatment of simple and complex absence seizures, and adjunctively in patients with multiple seizure types which include absence seizures. simple absence is defined as very brief clouding of the sensorium or loss of consciousness accompanied by certain generalized epileptic discharges without other detectable clinical signs. complex absence is the term used when other signs are also present. see warnings and precautions (5.1) for statement regarding fatal hepatic dysfunction. because of the risk to the fetus of decreased iq, neurodevelopmental disorders, neural tube defects, and other major congenital malformations, which may occur very early in pregnancy, valproate should not be used to treat women with epilepsy or b

USA - engelska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

upsher-smith laboratories, llc - nystatin (unii: bdf1o1c72e) (nystatin - unii:bdf1o1c72e) - nystatin 100000 [usp'u] in 1 g - nyamyc® (nystatin topical powder, usp) is indicated in the treatment of cutaneous or mucocutaneous mycotic infections caused by candida albicans and other susceptible candida species. nyamyc® (nystatin topical powder, usp) is not indicated for systemic, oral, intravaginal or ophthalmic use. nyamyc® (nystatin topical powder, usp) is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to any of its components.

USA - engelska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

ascend laboratories, llc - esomeprazole magnesium (unii: r6dxu4way9) (esomeprazole - unii:n3pa6559ft) - esomeprazole 20 mg - adults esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules are indicated for the short-term treatment (4 to 8 weeks) in the healing and symptomatic resolution of diagnostically confirmed ee in adults. for those patients who have not healed after 4 to 8 weeks of treatment, an additional 4- to 8-week course of esomeprazole magnesium may be considered. pediatric patients 12 years to 17 years of age   esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules indicated for the short-term treatment (4 to 8 weeks) for the healing of ee in pediatric patients 12 years to 17 years of age.  esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules are indicated for the maintenance of healing of ee in adults. controlled studies do not extend beyond 6 months.  adults esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules are indicated for short-term treatment (4 to 8 weeks) of heartburn and other symptoms associated with gerd in adults. pediatric patients 12 years to 17 years of age esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules are indicated for short-term treatment (4 weeks) of heartburn and other symptoms associated with gerd in pediatric patients 12 years to 17 years of age.  esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules are indicated for the reduction in the occurrence of gastric ulcers associated with continuous nsaid therapy in adult patients at risk for developing gastric ulcers. patients are considered to be at risk due to their age (60 years and older) and/or documented history of gastric ulcers. controlled studies do not extend beyond 6 months. eradication of h. pylori has been shown to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence. triple therapy esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules in combination with amoxicillin and clarithromycin is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with h. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease (active or history of within the past 5 years) to eradicate h. pylori . in patients who fail therapy, susceptibility testing should be done. if resistance to clarithromycin is demonstrated or susceptibility testing is not possible, alternative antimicrobial therapy should be instituted [see clinical pharmacology (12.4) and the prescribing information for clarithromycin] .  esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules are indicated for the long-term treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions, including zollinger-ellison syndrome, in adults.  - esomeprazole magnesium is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to substituted benzimidazoles or to any component of the formulation. hypersensitivity reactions may include anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, and urticaria [see warnings and precautions (5.2), adverse reactions (6.2)]. - for information about contraindications of amoxicillin and clarithromycin, indicated in combination with esomeprazole magnesium for h. pylori eradication to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence, refer to the contraindications section of the respective prescribing information. - proton pump inhibitors (ppis), including esomeprazole magnesium, are contraindicated in patients receiving rilpivirine-containing products [see drug interactions (7) ] . risk summary there are no adequate and well-controlled studies with esomeprazole in pregnant women. esomeprazole is the s-isomer of omeprazole. available epidemiologic data fail to demonstrate an increased risk of major congenital malformations or other adverse pregnancy outcomes with first trimester omeprazole use (see data) . reproduction studies in rats and rabbits resulted in dose-dependent embryo-lethality at omeprazole doses that were approximately 3.4 to 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg (based on a body surface area for a 60 kg person). teratogenicity was not observed in animal reproduction studies with administration of oral esomeprazole magnesium in rats and rabbits with doses about 68 times and 42 times, respectively, an oral human dose of 40 mg (based on a body surface area basis for a 60 kg person). changes in bone morphology were observed in offspring of rats dosed through most of pregnancy and lactation at doses equal to or greater than approximately 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg. when maternal administration was confined to gestation only, there were no effects on bone physeal morphology in the offspring at any age (see data) . the estimated background risks of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population are unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss or other adverse outcomes. in the u.s. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. data human data esomeprazole is the s-isomer of omeprazole. four epidemiological studies compared the frequency of congenital abnormalities among infants born to women who used omeprazole during pregnancy with the frequency of abnormalities among infants of women exposed to h2-receptor antagonists or other controls. a population-based retrospective cohort epidemiological study from the swedish medical birth registry, covering approximately 99% of pregnancies, from 1995 to 1999, reported on 955 infants (824 exposed during the first trimester with 39 of these exposed beyond first trimester, and 131 exposed after the first trimester) whose mothers used omeprazole during pregnancy. the number of infants exposed in utero to omeprazole that had any malformation, low birth weight, low apgar score, or hospitalization was similar to the number observed in this population. the number of infants born with ventricular septal defects and the number of stillborn infants was slightly higher in the omeprazole-exposed infants than the expected number in this population. a population-based retrospective cohort study covering all live births in denmark from 1996 to 2009, reported on 1,800 live births whose mothers used omeprazole during the first trimester of pregnancy and 837,317 live births whose mothers did not use any proton pump inhibitor. the overall rate of birth defects in infants born to mothers with first trimester exposure to omeprazole was 2.9% and 2.6% in infants born to mothers not exposed to any proton pump inhibitor during the first trimester. a retrospective cohort study reported on 689 pregnant women exposed to either h2-blockers or omeprazole in the first trimester (134 exposed to omeprazole) and 1,572 pregnant women unexposed to either during the first trimester. the overall malformation rate in offspring born to mothers with first trimester exposure to omeprazole, an h2-blocker, or were unexposed was 3.6%, 5.5%, and 4.1% respectively. a small prospective observational cohort study followed 113 women exposed to omeprazole during pregnancy (89% with first trimester exposures). the reported rate of major congenital malformations was 4% in the omeprazole group, 2% in controls exposed to non-teratogens, and 2.8% in disease paired controls. rates of spontaneous and elective abortions, preterm deliveries, gestational age at delivery, and mean birth weight were similar among the groups. several studies have reported no apparent adverse short-term effects on the infant when single dose oral or intravenous omeprazole was administered to over 200 pregnant women as premedication for cesarean section under general anesthesia.   animal data omeprazole reproductive studies conducted with omeprazole in rats at oral doses up to 138 mg/kg/day (about 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis) and in rabbits at doses up to 69.1 mg/kg/day (about 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis) during organogenesis did not disclose any evidence for a teratogenic potential of omeprazole. in rabbits, omeprazole in a dose range of 6.9 to 69.1 mg/kg/day (about 3.4 to 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis) administered during organogenesis produced dose-related increases in embryo-lethality, fetal resorptions, and pregnancy disruptions. in rats, dose-related embryo/fetal toxicity and postnatal developmental toxicity were observed in offspring resulting from parents treated with omeprazole at 13.8 to 138.0 mg/kg/day (about 3.4 to 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis), administered prior to mating through the lactation period. esomeprazole no effects on embryo-fetal development were observed in reproduction studies with esomeprazole magnesium in rats at oral doses up to 280 mg/kg/day (about 68 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis) or in rabbits at oral doses up to 86 mg/kg/day (about 41 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis) administered during organogenesis. a pre-and postnatal developmental toxicity study in rats with additional endpoints to evaluate bone development was performed with esomeprazole magnesium at oral doses of 14 to 280 mg/kg/day (about 3.4 to 68 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis). neonatal/early postnatal (birth to weaning) survival was decreased at doses equal to or greater than 138 mg/kg/day (about 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis). body weight and body weight gain were reduced and neurobehavioral or general developmental delays in the immediate post-weaning timeframe were evident at doses equal to or greater than 69 mg/kg/day (about 17 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis). in addition, decreased femur length, width and thickness of cortical bone, decreased thickness of the tibial growth plate and minimal to mild bone marrow hypocellularity were noted at doses equal to or greater than 14 mg/kg/day (about 3.4 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis). physeal dysplasia in the femur was observed in offspring of rats treated with oral doses of esomeprazole magnesium at doses equal to or greater than 138 mg/kg/day (about 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis). effects on maternal bone were observed in pregnant and lactating rats in a pre-and postnatal toxicity study when esomeprazole magnesium was administered at oral doses of 14 to 280 mg/kg/day (about 3.4 to 68 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis). when rats were dosed from gestational day 7 through weaning on postnatal day 21, a statistically significant decrease in maternal femur weight of up to 14% (as compared to placebo treatment) was observed at doses equal to or greater than 138 mg/kg/day (about 34 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis). a pre-and postnatal development study in rats with esomeprazole strontium (using equimolar doses compared to esomeprazole magnesium study) produced similar results in dams and pups as described above. a follow up developmental toxicity study in rats with further time points to evaluate pup bone development from postnatal day 2 to adulthood was performed with esomeprazole magnesium at oral doses of 280 mg/kg/day (about 68 times an oral human dose of 40 mg on a body surface area basis) where esomeprazole administration was from either gestational day 7 or gestational day 16 until parturition. when maternal administration was confined to gestation only, there were no effects on bone physeal morphology in the offspring at any age. risk summary  esomeprazole is the s-isomer of omeprazole and limited data suggest that omeprazole may be present in human milk. there are no clinical data on the effects of esomeprazole on the breastfed infant or on milk production. the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for esomeprazole magnesium and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from esomeprazole magnesium or from the underlying maternal condition.  healing of ee pediatric patients 1 year to 17 years of age the safety and effectiveness of esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules have been established in pediatric patients 12 years to 17 years for short-term treatment (4 to 8 weeks) for healing of ee. use of esomeprazole magnesium for this indication is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies in adults with additional safety and pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients 1 year to 17 years of age. the safety profile in pediatric patients 1 year to 17 years of age was similar to adults [see adverse reactions (6.1) , clinical pharmacology (12.3) , clinical studies (14.4) ] . symptomatic gerd pediatric patients 1 year to 17 years of age the safety and effectiveness of esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules have been established in pediatric patients 12 years to 17 years of age for the short-term treatment (4 weeks) of heartburn and other symptoms associated with gerd. use of esomeprazole magnesium for this indication is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies in adults with additional safety and pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients 1 year to 17 years of age. the safety profile in pediatric patients 1 year to 17 years of age was similar to adults [see adverse reactions (6.1) , clinical pharmacology (12.3) , clinical studies (14.4) ] . the safety and effectiveness of esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules for the treatment of symptomatic gerd in pediatric patients less than 1 year of age have not been established. other conditions the safety and effectiveness of esomeprazole magnesium for the risk reduction of nsaid-associated gastric ulcer, h. pylori eradication to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence and treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions have not been established in pediatric patients. juvenile animal toxicity studies in a juvenile rat toxicity study, esomeprazole was administered with both magnesium and strontium salts at oral doses about 34 to 68 times a daily human dose of 40 mg based on body surface area. increases in death were seen at the high dose, and at all doses of esomeprazole, there were decreases in body weight, body weight gain, femur weight and femur length, and decreases in overall growth [see nonclinical toxicology (13.2) ] .  of the total number of patients who received esomeprazole magnesium in clinical trials, 1459 were 65 to 74 years of age and 354 patients were 75 years of age and older. no overall differences in safety and efficacy were observed between the elderly and younger individuals, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.  in patients with severe hepatic impairment (child-pugh class c) exposure to esomeprazole substantially increased compared to healthy subjects. dosage modification of esomeprazole magnesium is recommended for patients with severe hepatic impairment for the healing of ee, risk reduction of nsaid-associated gastric ulcer, h. pylori eradication to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence, and pathological hypersecretory conditions including zollinger-ellison syndrome [see dosage and administration (2.1) , clinical pharmacology (12.3) ] . in patients with mild to moderate liver impairment (child-pugh classes a and b), no dosage adjustment is necessary. 

USA - engelska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

sigmapharm laboratories, llc - flucytosine (unii: d83282dt06) (flucytosine - unii:d83282dt06) - flucytosine capsules, usp are indicated only in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of candida and/or cryptococcus . candida: septicemia, endocarditis and urinary system infections have been effectively treated with flucytosine. limited trials in pulmonary infections justify the use of flucytosine. cryptococcus: meningitis and pulmonary infections have been treated effectively. studies in septicemias and urinary tract infections are limited, but good responses have been reported. flucytosine capsules, usp should be used in combination with amphotericin b for the treatment of systemic candidiasis and cryptococcosis because of the emergence of resistance to flucytosine capsules, usp (see  microbiology). flucytosine capsules, usp should not be used in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the drug.

USA - engelska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

ascend laboratories, llc - dabigatran etexilate mesylate (unii: sc7nuw5iit) (dabigatran - unii:i0vm4m70gc) - dabigatran etexilate capsules is indicated to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in adult patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. dabigatran etexilate capsules is indicated for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in adult patients who have been treated with a parenteral anticoagulant for 5 to 10 days.  dabigatran etexilate capsules is indicated to reduce the risk of recurrence of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in adult patients who have been previously treated. dabigatran etexilate capsules is indicated for the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, in adult patients who have undergone hip replacement surgery.  pediatric use information is approved for boehringer ingelheim pharmaceuticals, inc.’s pradaxa (dabigatran etexilate) capsules. however, due to boehringer ingelheim pharmaceuticals, inc.’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information. dabigatran etexilate capsules is contraindic

USA - engelska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

ascend laboratories, llc - mycophenolate sodium (unii: wx877sqi1g) (mycophenolic acid - unii:hu9dx48n0t) - mycophenolic acid delayed-release tablets are indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in adult patients receiving a kidney transplant. mycophenolic acid delayed-release tablets are indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in pediatric patients 5 years of age and older who are at least 6 months post kidney transplant. mycophenolic acid delayed-release tablets are to be used in combination with cyclosporine and corticosteroids.  mycophenolic acid delayed-release tablets and mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) tablets and capsules should not be used interchangeably without physician supervision because the rate of absorption following the administration of these two products is not equivalent.   mycophenolic acid delayed-release tablets are contraindicated in patients with a hypersensitivity to mycophenolate sodium, mycophenolic acid (mpa), mycophenolate mofetil, or to any of its excipients. reactions like rash, pruritus, hypotension, and chest pain have been observed in clinical trials and post marketi

USA - engelska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

sigmapharm laboratories, llc - disulfiram (unii: tr3mlj1uai) (disulfiram - unii:tr3mlj1uai) - disulfiram is an aid in the management of selected chronic alcohol patients who want to remain in a state of enforced sobriety so that supportive and psychotherapeutic treatment may be applied to best advantage. disulfiram is not a cure for alcoholism. when used alone, without proper motivation and supportive therapy, it is unlikely that it will have any substantive effect on the drinking pattern of the chronic alcoholic. patients who are receiving or have recently received metronidazole, paraldehyde, alcohol, or alcohol-containing preparations, e.g., cough syrups, tonics and the like, should not be given disulfiram. disulfiram is contraindicated in the presence of severe myocardial disease or coronary occlusion, psychoses, and hypersensitivity to disulfiram or to other thiuram derivatives used in pesticides and rubber vulcanization.

USA - engelska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

international laboratories, llc - lovastatin (unii: 9lhu78oqfd) (lovastatin - unii:9lhu78oqfd) - lovastatin 10 mg - therapy with lovastatin tablets usp should be a component of multiple risk factor intervention in those individuals with dyslipidemia at risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease. lovastatin tablets usp should be used in addition to a diet restricted in saturated fat and cholesterol as part of a treatment strategy to lower total-c and ldl-c to target levels when the response to diet and other nonpharmacological measures alone has been inadequate to reduce risk. primary prevention of coronary heart disease in individuals without symptomatic cardiovascular disease, average to moderately elevated total-c and ldl-c, and below average hdl-c, lovastatin tablets usp are indicated to reduce the risk of: - myocardial infarction - unstable angina - coronary revascularization procedures (see clinical pharmacology , clinical studies in adults .) coronary heart disease lovastatin tablets usp are indicated to slow the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with coronary heart disease as part of a treatment str

USA - engelska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

ascend laboratories, llc - silver sulfadiazine (unii: w46jy43ejr) (sulfadiazine - unii:0n7609k889) - silver sulfadiazine 10 mg in 1 g -      silver sulfadiazine cream, usp 1% is a topical antimicrobial drug indicated as an adjunct for the prevention and treatment of wound sepsis in patients with second and third degree burns.      silver sulfadiazine cream, usp 1% is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to silver sulfadiazine or any of the other ingredients in the preparation.      because sulfonamide therapy is known to increase the possibility of kernicterus, silver sulfadiazine cream, usp 1% should not be used on pregnant women approaching or at term, on premature infants, or on newborn infants during the first 2 months of life.      geriatric use. of the total number of subjects in clinical studies of silver sulfadiazine cream, usp 1% seven percent were 65 years of age and over. no overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater s

USA - engelska - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

winder laboratories, llc - phenazopyridine hydrochloride (unii: 0ewg668w17) (phenazopyridine - unii:k2j09emj52) - phenazopyridine hydrochloride 100 mg - phenazopyridine hcl is indicated for the symptomatic relief of pain, burning, urgency, frequency, and other discomforts arising from irritation of the lower urinary tract mucosa caused by infection, trauma, surgery, endoscopic procedures, or the passage of sounds or catheters. the use of phenazopyridine hcl for relief of symptoms should not delay definitive diagnosis and treatment of causative conditions. because it provides only symptomatic relief, prompt appropriate treatment of the cause of pain must be instituted and phenazopyridine hcl should be discontinued when symptoms are controlled. the analgesic action may reduce or eliminate the need for systemic analgesics or narcotics. it is, however, compatible with antibacterial therapy and can help to relieve pain and discomfort during the interval before antibacterial therapy controls the infection. treatment of a urinary tract infection with phenazopyridine hcl should not exceed 2 days because there is a lack of evidence that the combined administration of